M 

machine [] cræft m instrument

mad [] 1. adj ylfig raving; 2. make ~ or foolish wv/t1b gemǽdan

madness [] gemǽdla m

magic [] ~ art galdorcræft m occult art; ~ saying galdorcwide m incantation; ~ song galdorcwide m incantation, galdorléoð n incantation; ~ word galdorword n word of incantation

magician [] galdre m wizard, géogelere m, géoglere m

magnificent [] 1. adj geatolic²stately; 2. ~ly adv prútlíce pompously

magpie [] agu f

maimed [] adj limlǽweo

main road to a town [] portherpað

maintenance [] lád f support

make [] wv/t2 gearwian¹ construct; ~ a declaration in court wv/t1a cennan¹ clear oneself; ~ to fall sv/t7 ábéatan break to pieces; ~ light wv/t1b líhtan¹alleviate; ~ ready wv/t2 gearwian¹equip; ~ sport of wv/t1b plegan mock; ~ the circuit of wv/t1a ymbcyrran go around; ~ the sign of the cross irreg wv/t1b wyrcan Crístesmǽl / Crístesmél

make signs to [] wv/t2 andbícnian

male [] carlmann m man; ~ bird carlfugol m cock; ~ sponsor gefædera m godfather

malediction [] curs m curse

malevolent [] adj yfelwille

malice [] níðgrama m anger, yfelgiornes f wickedness, yfelwillendnes f; net of ~ inwitnett n

malicious [] 1. adj níðig envious, yfelful wicked; 2. ~ly adv níðfullíce

malign [] wv/t2 ácursian

malignant [] adj láð¹ hostile, yfelcund evil

malleable [] adj gelǽdendlic ductile, lǽdendlic¹ ductile

mallow [] cottuc m, cotuc m, geormanléaf n, geormenletic n

man [] 1. mann m, carl m [ON karl], ceorl m, carlmann m male; æðeling²m hero, hæle²m hero; gást m human being, gástberend²m living soul; gummann m, gumrinc²m warrior, gumþegen m; guma²m lord; geféra m servant; free~ ceorlmann m; learned ~ lárwita m; married ~ hǽmedceorl m; noble ~ ceorl²m hero; ~ of royal blood æðeling m nobleman; poor ~ þearfend m; 2. adj ~ly þegnlic manful; strong as a ~ ceorlstrang

manager [] fadiend m

manful [] 1. adj þegnlic brave; 2. ~ly adv þegnlíce bravely

manifest [] 1. adj andgete plain [andgiete], ǽbǽre public, yppe known; 2. wv/t1a yppan¹ reveal; made ~ adj áscyled

manifestation [] ypping f

manner [] 1. cost m way; ~s gelǽte n [ON lǽti] bearing; 2. adj ill-~ed þéawléas ill-conditioned; well-~ed geþéawod moral; of good ~ þéawfæst moral; 3. adv? in a silly ~ ídelinga

manor [] cotlíf n village; lord of a ~ landhláford m landlord

manservant [] ambihtmann m

mantle [] loða m cloak

manual [] handbóc f handbook

many [] adj gehwilc some

March [] Hlýda m; month of ~ Hreðemónað m

mark []1. nót m [L nota] note; Christ’s ~ Crístesmǽl, Crístesmél m, n the cross; 2. ~ or beat the bounds of land wv/t1b lǽdan

marked (of a sword) [] adj pytted

market [] céap m, céapstów f marketplace, céapunggemót n, cíeping f market-place; ~ day cýpedæg m; ~ dues cíeping f; ~ing cíeping f trading; ~place cíeping f market, céapstrǽt f; céapstów f market; ~ price céapgyld n purchase money

marriage [] ǽ f; legertéam m cohabitation, gaderscipe¹m wedlock; ~ to the church (as when one takes orders) ciricǽw n, f

married [] 1. adj ǽwfæst, geǽwnod; ~ man hǽmedceorl m; ~ woman hǽmedwíf n

marry [] wv/t2 ǽwnian¹; ~ (of the woman) wv/t2 ceorlian¹

marsh [] gyrwefenn n

martyr [] cýðere m witness

mask [] gríma²m helmet

mass [] clíewen n group; curd-like ~ cýgerunn n

mass [] early ~ capitolmæsse f first mass; first ~ capitolmæsse f early mass

mast [] picgbréad n pig’s food; ~ of trees æcern n nut

master [] láréow m, lárow, láruw, láruwa m teacher

match [] wv/t1b æfenlǽcan

mate [] gemæcca m, f one of a pair

material [] adj líchamlic physical

mathematician [] circolwyrde m computer

matrimony [] gaderscipe¹m marriage, hǽmedgemána m

matter [] intinga m business; gund m pus

mayor [] portgeréfa m port-reeve

meadow [] gærstún m grass-enclosure, léah m lea; ~ which was mown as part of the rent gafolmǽd f

meadow-dike [] gærstúndíc m

meal [] grýtt n dust; afternoon ~ nónmete m; ~ after nones nóngereord n dinner

mean [] 1. lýðerlic vile; lýðre bad; yfelic, yfellic poor; 2. ~ly adv lýðerlíce, yfelíce, yfellíce

meaning [] andgiet n, andgiete f sense; ingehygd f, ingehýd f, ingehíd f intention

means [] by no ~ 1. adv ná, náteshwón, náteþæshwón not at all, nealles not at all; 2. conj ná

meanwhile [] conj ámang þám/þissum

measure [] leap m; ~ (of corn) pundwǽg f pound weight; small ~ pægel m gill; ~ of length gierd f

meat [] ǽt m, f, n flesh

medicament [] lácnung f remedy

meditation [] leornung f [dat sing leornunga] study

meet [] wv/t2 gegegnian; ~ with sv/i3 geiernan attain

meeting [] géancyme m , géannes f , géanryne m , géancyrr m turning against

melody [] glíwstæf m joy

melt [] wv/t1b ámyltan

member [] lim n limb

membership [] guild-~ gildrǽden f; ~ of a guild gegilde n

memory [] ingemynd²f, n recollection

men [] æðelingas m pl people, léode f pl people, country, ielde²m pl, léodweras²m pl human beings, niððas²m pl; band of ~ gefylce n army; Kentish ~ Centingas m pl

mental [] 1. adj innera, innra, inra spiritual; 2. ~ly adv inweard spiritually

mention [] wv/t1b nemnan relate, wv/t2 nemnian relate, wv/t2 namian¹

merchandise [] cíepeþing n pl, cíeping f

merchant [] cíepa m trader, cíepemann m, cíepmann m

merciful [] 1. adj árdǽde, árfæst gracious, árful kind; 2. ~ly adv árfullíce; 3. be ~ to wv/t2 árian¹care for

mercury [] 1. the herb ~ cedelc f; 2. show ~ wv/t1b árfæstan, wv/t2 árfæstian

mercy [] ár f pity, árfæstnes f pity, líð n, liss f kindness [formerly líðs]

merry journey [] gamenwáðf

message [] ǽrendbóc f letter, lác²n, f; ǽrende n errand; ǽrendsprǽc f

messenger [] ǽboda m preacher, ǽrendraca m ambassador, ǽrendsecg m, ár²m herald; ~ of evil? nýdboda m

metal [] piece of ~ clút m plate; ~ plate læfer f, platung f

method [] adherence to the rules of right conduct or ~ þéawfæstnes f obedience to rule

middle [] exact ~ ælemidde f; ~ finger ǽwiscberend m

might [] cræft m physical strength; afol n power, geweald n power

migration [] ymbcerr m going

mild [] adj líðe (cmp lýðre, spl lýðrest?) soft

military [] 1. adj camplic; 2. ~ expedition æxfaru f; ~ service campdóm m warfare; ~ work geweorc n fortification

milk [] sv/t3 ámelcan

Milky Way [] Iringes Weg m

miller [] grístra m baker; a kind of ~ panic m

mime [] léasere m jester

mimic [] adj glíwlic jesting

mind [] gehygd f, n, geþanc m, n thought, ingeþanc m, n thought; ingehygd f, ingehýd f, ingehíd f consciousness; ingemynd²f, n memory; mystery of the ~ gástgerýne²n ghostly mystery; thought of ~ gástgehygd²n, gástgemynd n

minded [] adj gehugod

mind-lustful [] adj gálferhð wanton

mine [] iron ~ ísenóre f, ísengræf m; lead ~ léadgedelf n

minister [] 1. ambihtsecg m; 2. ~ to wv/t2 þegnian¹w.d. serve a person; ~ to necessities wv/t2 þegnian¹ supply wants

mint [] cat’s ~ nefte f [L nepeta]

miracle [] perform a ~ wv/t1b wundor cýðan¹

mirth [] gamenn joy; glíwdréam m music

mischief [] anda m injury

miser [] gítsere m

miserable condition (be in a ~) [] wv/i2 æfian

miserably [] adv coðlíce, yfle (cmp wiers/wyrs, spl wierrest/wyrrest/wyrst) hurtfully

misery [] iermð f, iermðu f distress; yfel n ill; léwsa m weakness

misfortune [] gelimp n accident, gyrn²m , n sorrow, láð n harm, láðscipe m

mission [] ǽrende n

mist [] lyfthelm²m cloud

mistake [] léas n untruth

mistletoe [] ácmistel f

mite [] ymel m

mitigate [] wv/t2 geleoðuwácian soften

mixture [] egg ~ ǽggemang n

mock [] wv/t1a gabban scoff, wv/t1b cancetan, wv/t1b cancettan deride; wv/t1b plegan make sport of

mockery [] géað²f foolishness

mocking [] gabbung f scoffing, gaffetung f scoffing

moderately [] adv gewealden

moderate-sized [] 1. adj íeðelic; 2. ~ly adv íeðelíce

modest [] 1. adj cúsc chaste; ánfald, ánfeald, ánfealdlic sincere; 2. adv ~ly ánfaldlíce, ánfealdlíce

moist [] adj þán irrigated

molar [] grindetóð m

molten [] adj géotenlic fluid

moment [] préowthwíl f, princ? ? twinkling of an eye

monarchy [] ánwald m

monastery [] líf m, préostlíf n priests’ quarters

money [] 1. pening m penny; ~ box gafolgyld n fiscus piece of ~ yndse f shekel; coining ~ peningslæht m; purchase ~ céapgyld n market price; 2. for ready ~ adv wið licgendum féo

money-changer [] peninghwyrfere m, peningmangere m

monk [] brother ~ gehada m; title of senior ~s non m

monster [] sea-~ nicor m water-sprite

month [] cálend m; holy ~ Háligmónað m September; ~ of March Hreðemónað m

moon (vessel in the air) [] lyftfæt n

moral [] 1. adj geþéawod well-mannered, þéawfæst virtuous, þéawful virtuous; 2. ~ excellence cyst f, m virtue; ~ necessity níedscyld f

more [] 1. no ~ adv ná má; 2. nothing ~ noun ná máre

moreover [] conj ac nevertheless

morning (very early in the ~) [] adv on ealne ǽrne mergen

morsel [] gehrin n

mortar [] píle f [L pila] ; one who pounds in a ~ pílere m

mortify [] wv/t1b ádýdan kill

moth or beetle which flies by night [] nihtbutorfléoge f

mother [] ácennicge f, cennestre f

motion [] ástyrung f; quick ~ plega m exercise; tossing ~ gewealc n rolling

mount [] wv/t2 ástigian ascend

mountain [] héahbeorg m; neighboring ~ néahmunt m

mourn [] wv/t1b gierman cry

mouse [] coal~ colmáse f titmouse; tit~ colmáse f coal-mouse

moustache [] cenep m [ON kanpr], granu f

move [] irreg v/i gán¹traverse; cause to ~ rapidly sv/i3 iernan turn; ~ quickly sv/t3 ábregdan unsheathe; ~ rapidly wv/t1b plegan, sv/i3 iernan run; ~ up and down sv/t7 lácan leap, wv/t1b áwecgan shake

movement [] plega m quick motion

mucus (nasal ~) [] nasal ~ nebgebrǽc n

mud [] ádela m dirt

muddy [] adj gyru

municipal [] adj ceasternisc urban

munificence [] cyst f, m generosity, lácdǽd f

murder [] wv/t1b ámyrðran, wv/t2 ámyrðrian

murderous attack [] inwitscear m

murky [] not ~ adj ǽmyrce

murmur [] wv/t2 ceorian¹ complain

murmuring [] ceorung f

murrain [] yrfcwealm m

music [] glíwdréam m mirth

musical [] adj glíwhléoðriendlic, píplic

mutability [] áwendendlicnes f

mutter [] wv/t1a ábyffan

muzzle [] cæfl m halter, cáma m [L] collar

mystery [] ghostly or spiritual ~ gástgerýne²n mystery of the mind; spiritual ~ gágerýne²n; ~ of the mind gástgerýne²n ghostly mystery

N

n [] name of the rune for ~ níed f

nail [] 1. nægl m peg, píl m spike [L pilum];  finger~ nægl m; knife for cutting the ~s næglsex n; toe~ nægl m; 2. wv/t2 næglian¹ fasten with nails; 3. with ~ed sides adj nægledbord²

naked [] adj nacod, nacud nude

nakedness [] nacod f, nacud f, næcednes f, næcedu f

name [] 1. nama m, nemning f; register of ~s nambóc f; register of ~s (on a tablet) nambred n; 2. wv/t1b nemnan¹ name, wv/t2 nemnian¹call, wv/t2 namian¹; wv/t2 namnian invoke; wv/t1b cíegan call; 3. by ~ adv namcúðlíce individually, nammǽlum

naming [] 1. adj nemniendlic, nemnigendlic nominative; 2. namcyging f, namrǽden f

narration [] cýðing f statement

narrative [] insiht f

narrow [] 1. adj nearu constricted; 2. ~ly adv nearolíce closely; nearwe strictly

nasal mucus [] nebgebrǽc n

nation [] léodscearu f nation; léodscipe m people; ingeþéod²f; neighboring ~ néahþéod f

native [] 1. adj inboren indigenous, inlende, inlendisc indigenous, inlic; 2. inbyrdling m; inlenda m; landbúend m inhabitant, langágend m; ~ force landhere m; ~ wine líð n cider; ~ race ingefolc n

natural [] 1. adj cwiðenlic; geæðele suitable; 2. ~ successor yrfehand f

nature [] æðeluf, n; evil ~ inwitgecynd n; good-~ glædnes f

naught [] noun w.g. nánwiht, nánwuht, nánuht nothing; náht f nothing

naval force [] æschere m

nave (of a wheel) [] nafeða m, nafu f

navel [] nafela m, nafulsceaft f

Nazarene [] adj Nazarenisc

neap tide [] népflód m low tide

near [] 1. prep w.d. néah close to, prep w.d.a. ymbe (of place) around, prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) by; prep w.d., rarely a. æt (temporal) on; placed ~ prep? w.d. néahgangol; 2. adv néah nigh, [cmp néar; spl níehst] , néalíce; néan, néar, æt at, ymbe; ~er and nearer néar and near; from ~ by néan; 3. adj néah close, néalic neighboring; [cmp néara; spl níehsta]; gearwe [cmp gear(w)or, spl gear(w)ost]; most ~ly níehst in closest proximity; 4. be ~ irreg wv/t1b w.d. néalǽcan; come or draw ~ irreg wv/t1b w.d. néalǽcan approach

nearer [] 1. adj néara, néarra latter [cmp of néah]; 2. néar [cmp of néah]

nearest [] adj níehst next

nearly [] adv néan about, néalíce about, ábútan about, lýtesná, lýtesne, lýtestne almost, néah almost; cmp néar; spl níehst

nearness [] néahnes f neighborhood, néawest f, m, néawist f, m neighborhood; néawung f

neatly [] adv cyrtelíce fairly, cyrtenlíce elegantly

necessarily [] adv níede, níedes compulsorily, níedenga, níedunga forcibly

necessary [] 1. adj níedþearflic useful, néodþearflic, níedbehǽfdlic, níedbehof, níedbehoflic, níedþearf, nýdlic; níedbehéfe needful; 2. ~ly adv níedþearflíce; 3. moral ~ níedscyld f; what is ~ níed f; 4. be ~ wv/t2 impers. w.g. néodian¹be required

necessity [] 1. níed f need, níedbehǽfednes f, níedþearf f need, níedþearfnes f need, nýdnes f; néadwísnes f; néadclamm n extremity; unavoidable ~ néadnéod f; 2. impose ~ wv/t2 geþearfian; 3. of ~ adv néadwís

neck (muscles of the ~?) [] geweald n

necromancy [] lícwíglung f

need [] 1. níed f necessity, níedþearf f necessity, níedþearfnes f necessity; gád¹n want, næft f want; dire ~ nearoþearf f; urgent ~ nearonéd f; 2. of ~ adv níede, níedes necessarily; ~s níede, níedes compulsorily

needed [] thing ~ níedþearf f want

needful [] adj néadwís fitting; níedbehéfe necessary, níedful

needing attention [] 1. adj ymbhýdig to be observed; 2. adv ymbhýdiglíce

needle [] nǽdl f

neglect [] wv/t1b ágǽlan

neglectful [] adj ágímeléasod careless

negligent (of the mind) [] adj capiende indolent

neighbor [] níehsta¹m, (-e f), néahbúend m, landgemaca m, ymbsittend m, néahgebúr m, néahgebýren f, néahgebýrild m, néahgehúsa m, néahmann m; ~s cýðð f, cýððu f fellowcountrymen

neighborhood [] néahdǽl m, néahland n, néahnes f nearness, néahstów f place near, néawest f, m, néawist f, m nearness

neighboring [] 1. adj néalic near, ymbgesett, ymbgeseten, ymbsett; 2. ~ly adv néalíce

neither [] 1. adj náhwæðer; 2. conj ne; ~…nor conj ná…ná

neophyte [] níwcumen m newcomer

nephew [] nefa¹m

nerve [] ǽdre f sinew

ness [] næss m, næssa m cliff

nest [] 1. nest n; 2. build ~s wvt1b nistan, wv/t2 nistian, wv/t1b nistlan, wv/t2 nistlian; make a ~ wv/t2 nestlian

net [] nett n netting; ~ of malice inwitnett n

netting [] nett n net

nettle [] netel f, netele f

network [] nett n net

never [] adv nǽfre, ná, náhwǽr, náhwǽrn in no case, náwa, ne ǽfre, ǽfre ne [see nǽfre]

nevertheless [] conj náþýlǽs, ac however

new [] 1. adj níwe recent; 2. ~ly adv níwan lately

newborn [] adj níwcend

newcomer [] nífara m stranger; níwcumen m neophyte

news [] ǽrende n tidings

next [] 1. adj níehst nearest, æfterra following; 2. adv æt níehstan at last;  3. ~ to prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) before

ng [] name of the rune for ~ ing m

niece [] nefene f, nift f

niggardly [] adj gnéað

nigh [] 1. adj néah close; cmp néara; spl níehsta; 2. adv néah near; cmp néar; spl níehst

night [] 1. niht f darkness; ~’s sleep nihtslǽp m; ~fall ǽfenrepsung f; ~ sacrifice or services nihtgild n; ~ season nihternnes f; number of ~s nihtgerím²n; shades of ~ nihtscúa²m; 2. that can see at ~ adj nihtéage; 3. adv ~ly nihterne; all ~ long andlangne niht; by ~ nihterne, nihtes; during a ~ nihterne

night-goer [] nihtgenga²m goblin

nightingale [] nihtegale f

nightjar [] nihtegale f

nightmare [] ælfádl f

night-prowler [] nihtgenge f hyena

nightshade (plant) [] nihtscada n, ælfþone f

nine [] 1. num nigon; ordinal nigoða; 2. adj ~ days old nigonnihte; ~ years old nigonwintre; ~-fold nigonfeald

nineteen [] 1. num nigontíene; ordinal adj nigontéoða; 2. adj ~th nigontéoða; containing the number ~ nigontýnlic

ninety [] 1. num nigontig; ordinal adj nigontéoða; 2. adj ~th nigontéoða

ninth [] 1. adj nigoða; ~ part nigoða; 2. ~ly adv nigoðe

no [] 1. pron nán none; 2. noun w.g. nǽnig; 3. adj nán, nǽnig; 4. adv ná, ne, nese; ~ more ná má; 5. say ‘~’ wv/t1a niccan refuse

no one [] 1. noun w.g. nán nothing; 2.  pron nǽnig

no? [] interrog part. ac (the interrogative non, expecting an affirmative answer); in an indirect interrogation, if not, whether not

nobility [] æðeluf, n family, æðnesf excellence

noble [] 1. adj æðele aristocratic, æðellic excellent; indryhten distinguished; of ~ birth æðelcund; 2. ~ly adv æðellíce; 3. ~ king (Christ) æðelcyning m; ~ qualities æðeluf, n talents; ~ retinue æðelduguð f; ~ star æðeltungol²n; ~man æðeling m man of royal blood; ~ness æðelcundnes f

nocturnal terror [] nihtegesa m

noise [] 1. cearm m; clatrung f clattering, prass m tumult; 2. make a ~ wv/t2 cloccian cluck

nominate [] wv/t1b nemnan, wv/t2 nemnian; wv/t2 namian¹ appoint, wv/t1a cennan¹ choose out

nominative [] adj nemniendlic, nemnigendlic naming

none [] 1. pron nán not one, nǽnig; 2. adj nán; 3. noun w.g. nán no one

nonsense [] loðrung f rubbish

nor [] conj ne, nymðe; neither…~ conj ná…ná

Norman [] adj Norðmandisc

north [] 1. ~ corner norðhyrne f; ~ door norðduru f; 2. ~-along adj norðlang

northeast [] 1. adv norðéast; 2. norðéast m; ~ corner norðéasthyrne f; ~ end norðéastende m; 3. adj extending ~wards norðéastlang

northern [] 1. adj norðlic; 2. ~ folk norðléode m pl

Northumbrian [] adj Norðhymbrisc

northward [] adv norðanweard

northwest [] adv norðwest

nose [] nosu f, nebb n; ~-cartilage nosugrisle f; ~-gristle nosugrisle f

nose-gristle [] næsgristle f

nostril [] næsþyrl n, nosþirl n, nosþyrl n, nosþyrel n, nosterl n

not [] 1. adv ná, ne, náht, næs, nealles not at all, náteshwón, náteþæshwón not at all; ~ at all náht, náhwǽr, náhwǽrn  never, náhwanon, ná, nǽnige þinga, næs not, nánwiht, nánwuht, nánuht in no wise, náteshwón, náteþæshwón by no means; ~ even ná; ~ only ná þæt án; 2. ~ to have irreg v/t nágan not own

not any [] pron nǽnig

not at all [] adv nealles by no means

not I [] adv nic, nicc (= no)

not one [] 1. pron nán none; 2. adj nán

note [] 1. interj lóc/lóca nu; 2. nót m [L nota] mark; 3. wv/t2 genotian

noted [] 1. adj æltǽwe; [Goth téwa]; 2. ~ly adv æltǽwelíce

nothing [] 1. náþing n, náht f naught; noun w.g. nán none, nánwiht, nánwuht, nánuht naught; ~ more noun ná máre; 2. adv nǽniguht, nǽnigwuht, náhte + comparative adjective; instrumental of náht

notorious [] adj ǽbǽre public

noun [] nama m; Latin ~ lǽdennama m

novel [] adj níwe unheard of

now [] adv núna; probably a scribal error for nú ðá; just ~ ǽrost first of all

nowadays [] adv núhwílum

nowhere [] adv náhwǽr, náwérn; náhwǽrn in no case; from ~ náhwonan; to ~ náhwider nowhither

nowhither [] adv náhwider to nowhere

noxious [] adj láð loathsome

nude [] adj nacod, nacud naked

number (great ~s?) [] cræftas m pl

number of nights [] nihtgerím²n

number of years [] géarrím n

nun [] nunfǽmne f

nunnery [] nunhíred m

nurse [] cildféstre f, cildfóstre f

nursing [] adj cildfédende

nut [] æcern n mast of trees