Modern English - Old English (Anglo Saxon) Dictionary A-B
Subcategory: Anglo Saxons | English language history | History of languages | Old English
This is a Modern English - Old English online dictionary. The English language has evolved during the last 1600 years, undergoing extensive change, mainly during the Middle Ages. The English language has been brought to Great Britain by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, who were groups of Germanic people who established themselves in Great Britain in the 5th century.
The language evolved during the next centuries, assimilating aspects of other languages with which it came in contact, like French and slowly took the form of the language we know today.
The English spoken between the arrival of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the 5th century and the late 11th century after the Norman Conquest in 1066 is known as Old English. From the late 11th century to the late 15th century the language evolved to Middle English. From the late 15th century to the late 17th century the language evolved to Early Modern English after the Great Vowel Shift, and to Modern English in the period from the late 17th to the present.
The Old English or Anglo Saxon English was not a single uniform language, as it exhibited distinct regional dialects with some variations, which slowly were fused together by the late 9th century. The four main regional dialects of Old English were West Saxon, Mercian, Kentish and Northumbrian. Each of those dialect were associated with different English kingdoms of Great Britain.
In the 9th century parts of eastern Great Britain including all of Northumbria and parts of Mercia, were conquered by the Vikings; while Wessex, the rest of Mercia and Kent were successfully defended and finally integrated to the Kingdom of Wessex.
As a result of the merge of the different kingdoms and their integration to Wessex, the West Saxon dialect prevailed as a necessity to standardise the language of government; so documents were written in West Saxon and that's why most of the surviving texts in Old English are written in West Saxon.
However Modern English spelling owes most to the Mercian dialect, as it was the dialect spoken in London. Nevertheless West Saxon was the dominant language during the period in which most surviving documents and literature in Old English was recorded.
The following online dictionary features the translation of Modern English terms to their Old English counterparts of the 5th - 11th centuries period.
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A
a [] name of the rune for ~ ác m
abase [] wv/t2 niðerian1oppress
abasement [] niðerung1f humiliation
abashed [] adj ǽwiscmód2ashamed
abbacy [] abboddóm m abbatial jurisdiction, abbodríce n abbey
abbatial jurisdiction [] abboddóm m abbacy
abbatial rank [] abbodhád m dignity
abbess [] abbodesse f
abbey [] abbodríce n abbacy; Anglo-Saxon ~ at York, afterwards St. Mary’s Galmanhó ?
abbot [] abbod m, abboda m [L. abbatem]; lack of an ~ abbodléast f
ABC [] ábécédé f alphabet
abduct [] sv/t3 nýdniman take by force
abduction [] nýdnimung f rapine
abide [] irreg v/i gebúan dwell; sv/t1 ábídan wait
ability [] cræft m skill; gód n virtue
Abingdon, in Berkshire [] Abban dún f
abjectly [] adv níðlíce
abjure [] sv/t5 æftercweðan renounce
ablative [] adj ætbrédendlic
able [] adj leoðufæst fast; numol good
abominable [] adj áwyrgedlic detestable, gehyspendlic
abortion [] áwegáworpnes f, an ~ ǽwyrp m
abounding [] 1. adj nyhtsum1abundant; 2. adv ~ly nyhtsumlíce
about [] 1. prep w.d.a. ymbe (of place) around, prep w.a. ymbe (of time) at, prep w.d. or a. (temporal) in at; prep w.a. ymbe in regard to, prep w.a. ymbútan around, prep w.a. ábútan around; around ~ prep w.a. ábútan on the outside; prep w.d.i. æfter (object) for; 2. adv néah almost; (cmp néar; spl níehst); ymbe, ymb utan, ymbútan; ábútan nearly, néalíce nearly, néan nearly; ~ that place þǽrábútan
above [] adv ábúfan; over and ~ that þǽrbufan
abrogate [] wv/t2 lýtlian1 shorten
abscess [] gegaderednes f gathering
absence [] æfweardnes f
absent [] adj æfward, æfweard distant
abundance [] cystignes f, cystines f, genyhtsumung f
abundant [] 1. adj nyhtsum1abounding, þicce growing thickly; 2. adv ~ly nyhtsumlíce, genyhtlíce, neahhe1, neahhie1, neahhige1
abysmal [] adj neowol deep down
abyss [] æfgrynde n, nið n, grynde n, neowolnes f depth
accent [] accent m [L]
accept [] sv/t2 céosan1 approve, sv/t4 niman1assume
acceptable [] adj léofwende agreeable, lícwyrðe1pleasing
acceptance [] andfang n
accepted [] adj lícwyrðe1 recognized
access [] ingang m entrance; néalǽcung f approach, néosung1f
accessible [] adj gefére
accident [] gelimp n misfortune
accidentia [] adj gelimplic
accompanied [] causing or ~ by difficulty/hardship adj nearu oppressive
accompany [] wv/t2 geférscipian
accomplish [] wv/t1b geféran attain; wv/t1b lǽstan1carry out
accomplishment [] lást1n observance
accord [] of one’s own ~ adv gewealdes; of his own ~ (his) gewealdes
accordance [] in ~ with one’s nature or race adj geæðele natural
accordant [] adj ánswége harmonious
according to [] prep w.d. néah, prep w.d.i. æfter (causal) following
accost [] wv/t1b nǽgan12 speak to
account [] 1. gerád n reckoning; 2. on ~ of prep w.a. ymbe in regard to; 3. on no ~ adv náne þinga
accumulate [] sv/i7 ætflówan flow together
accumulation [] ypping f extent
accuracy [] gerád n
accurately [] adv nearolíce closely
accursed [] adj áwyrigende
accusation [] clearing from ~ lád f purgation
accuse [] sv/t1 ábetéon, wv/t1b ácustan,acusan [L], wv/t2 leahtrian1 blame, wv/t2 niðerian1
ache [] 1. jaw-~ céacádl f; 2. sv/i6 acan suffer pain
acknowledged [] adj geanwyrde known
acolyte [] ácolitus m [L], candelbora m
acorn [] áccærn m, áccorn m, æcern n
acquaintance [] cúðnes f knowledge, cýðnes1 f knowledge; cýðð f, cýððu f friendship
acquiescing [] adj geþafa consenting
acquisition [] geágnung f
acre [] 1. æcer m a certain quantity of land; an ~ æcersplott m; strip of land an ~ in extent, lying at the head of a field héafodæcer m; 2. by ~s adv æcermǽlum
act crookedly [] wv/t2 lytigian feign
act of feeding [] ǽt m, f, n eating
acting alone [] adv ánlaga
action [] anginn n onset; kind ~ lufu f; ~ of taking niming f
active [] 1. adj cáf prompt; ? gehweorf; 2. ~ly adv cáfe
Acton, Suffolk [] Acantún m
acute [] adj clǽne intellectual; more ~ gefrédra
adapted [] adj gerád conditioned
add to [] wv/t1b íecan1 increase, wv/t1b ætýcan increase
adder [] nǽdre f snake; ~-wort nǽdrewyrt f
addition [] ætéaca m
address [] wv/t1b nemnan speak to, wv/t2 nemnian speak to
addressing [] adj gecígendlic vocative
adduce [] irreg wv/t1b gebringan produce
adhere [] wv/t1b clengan, wv/t1b ætclíðan, sv/t1 clífan cleave, wv/t2 ætclifian
adherence to the rules of right conduct or method [] þéawfæstnes f discipline
adhesion [] ætfele m
adjourn [] wv/t2 ándagian1
administer [] wv/t2 þegnian1 serve an office
admire [] wv/t2 áwundrian wonder at
admission [] gecierrednes f entrance, infær n entry, infæreld n entrance
admitting [] adj w.g. geþæf agreeing to
adolescence [] geoguðhád m, geoguðhádnes f
adopt [] sv/t4 niman1 appropriate
adopted [] adj geágennod
adorn [] 1. wv/t1b glengan1decorate, wv/t1b geatwan equip; wv/t2 gearwian1 clothe; ~ with precious stones wv/t1b ástǽnan; 2. ~ed adj geatolic2magnificent; glengful decked out; 3. ~ment gierela1m apparel
adulation [] lyffetung f flattery
adulterer [] ǽwbreca m, nýdhǽmedre m
adulteress ? [] nýdhǽmestre f concubine
adultery [] hór n, ǽwbryce m, geligere n fornication, geligernes f concubinage
advance [] irreg v/i gán1proceed
advanced age [] æfteryld2f, æfteryldo2 old age
advanced in age [] adj gamolferhð old
advantage [] gód n benefit, gehýðnes f, notu f utility, hýðegung f, nytt f use, nyttung f profit
adventure oneself [] sv/t5 pléon w.g. expose to danger
adversary [] inwidda m evil one
advice [] þeaht n counsel, geþeaht f, n counsel, lár f exhortation
advise [] wv/t1b gelǽran enjoin, wv/t1b lǽran1urge
adviser [] geþeahta m couselor
adze [] adesa m, adese f hatchet
aerial [] adj lyften, lyftlic
affair [] cierr m business
affect with longing [] impersonal wv/t2 álangian
affection [] lufu f favor
affectionate [] adj lufiende
affinity [] néahsibb f near relationship
annoy; wv/t2 nearwian1cramp, wv/t3 yfle gehabban
afflicted [] adj gebrócod injured
affliction [] 1. gyrnstafas m pl injury, níð m oppression, níðhete2m torment; ~ caused by (Moses’) rod gierdwíte n, nýdcosting f; 2. visit with ~ wv/t1b néosan, wv/t2 néosian attack
afford [] wv/t1a ástellan supply
afloat [] adj áflote
aforementioned [] adj ǽrnemned
after [] 1. prep w.d.i. æfter behind (local and temporal), prep w.d. æthindan behind; prep w.d.i. æfter (object) in pursuit of; prep w.a. ymbe (of time); 2. adj æfterweard further; yferra (cmp of ufan) subsequent; 3. adv æfter afterwards, æftum, ymbe, on láste/last; ~ that þǽræfter
after age [] æfteryld2f, æfteryldo2 later time
after-birth [] cildhama m
after-claim [] æftersprǽc f
afternoon meal [] nónmete m
afterwards [] 1. written ~ adj æfterwriten; 2. adv æfter then æfter þon/þæm/þisum, æfter þæm/þon/þan þe thereafter
again [] adv níwan stefne
against [] prep w.d.a. into to
agate [] gagátes m indecl, gagátstán m precious stone
age [] 1. ieldu f; advanced ~ æfteryld2f, æfteryldo2old age; after ~ æfteryld2f, æfteryldo2later time; an ~ of the world ieldu f; old ~ æfteryld2f, æfteryldo2advanced age; old ~ ieldu f old people; 2. adj advanced in ~ gamolferhð old; very ~d infród2experienced
aged [] adj gamol2old, gamolferhð old, geléfed sickly
agent [] involuntary ~ nýdwyrhta m
agile [] adj leoðucræftig, léoht quick
agitation [] ýðung f commotion
agree [] wv/t2 gadrian1 unite, wv/t2 þeahtian1; ~ to wv/i1a cierran1 be converted
agreeable [] adj léof1 pleasant; léoftǽl, léoftǽle loving; léofwende acceptable
agreeing [] adj geþafa consenting, geþafsum consenting
agreeing to [] adj w.g. geþæf consenting to
agreement [] ánnes f covenant; geþafsumnes f; loc n settlement
agrimony [] gárclife f, agrimonia m
ah! [] interj lá oh!
aid [] wv/t1b andfylstan
air [] 1. lyft f, m, n sky; lyfthelm2 m mist; ǽðmm breath; 2. adj of the ~ lyften
ait [] iggað m, iggoð m, ígeoð m, ígoð m small island
alacrity [] cáfscipe m boldness
alas! [] interj ǽ, wá lá wá!
alb [] albe f [L] white garment
alder [] aler m, alor m, alr m
alder-wort [] nǽddrewinde f
Alexandrian [] adj Alexandrinesc
alien [] hostile ~ níðgæst2m fell demon
alienation [] áfremðung f
alight [] wv/t1b líhtan dismount
alive [] 1. adj gangende; 2. adv on life, tó life, lífes
alkalized water [] léag f lye
all [] 1. adj ǽghwilc every one, gehwilc each; 2. at ~ adv á always; 3. pron, noun ǽlc every; 4. noun ǽlc every;
Alleluia (the ~) [] Alleluia m
alleviate [] wv/t1b líhtan1 relieve
alleviation [] líhtung f relief, liss f [formerly líðs]
allot [] sv/t7 lǽtan1assign
allow [] sv/t7 lǽtan1; wv/t1b líefan1 concede; ~ to escape sv/t7 lǽtan1let out; ~ to remain sv/t7 lǽtan1let alone
allowed [] not to be ~ irreg v/t nágan have no right to
all-powerful [] adj ælcræftig almighty
allure [] sv/t6 áspanan seduce
allurement [] léassponung f, ymbspænning f
almighty [] adj ælcræftig all-powerful
almost [] adv néah nearly (cmp néar; spl níehst); lýtesná, lýtesne, lýtestne nearly
alms [] ælmesgifu f charity
almsgiving [] ælmeshand f charitableness, ælmessylen f
aloe [] alewe f
aloft [] adv on lyfte
alone [] adv ánlíepig, ánlípig, ánlípe, ánlípie only; ánum solely; acting ~ ánlaga
along [] 1. prep w.d.i. æfter after (local and temporal); prep w.d.a. ymbe (of place) about, prep w.g. andlang; 2. adv ymbe
alphabet [] ábécédé f ABC
already [] adv ǽr [cmp ǽror; spl ǽrost, ǽrest, ǽrst] formerly; nú þá now
altar [] altarm, altarem, alterm, altrem [L], glédstede2m
alteration [] áwendednes f, áwendendnes f change
altogether [] adv ǽghwæs entirely
alum [] ælifn f
always [] adv á for ever, ǽfre perpetually, gehwǽr on every occasion
am not [] neom verb form
amaze [] wv/t2 ámasian confound
ambassador [] ǽrendraca m messenger
ambrosia [] ambrósie f
ambush [] of ~ adj insǽte dependant
amen [] interj géalágé [géa lá géa] yea
amiable [] 1. adj luflic loving; 2. ~ly adv luflíce
amicable settlement [] lufu f
among [] prep w.d. ámang amongst, prep w.d. or a. (local) in in
amongst [] prep w.d. ámang among
amphitheater [] plegstów f gymnasium
ample [] adj ginn2spacious
amuse oneself [] wv/t1b plegan play
amusement [] gamenn pastime
ancestor [] cnéowmǽg m relation; ~s ieldra pl noun parents
anchorite [] ánbúend m hermit, ánsetla m hermit
ancient [] 1. adj gamol2old; 2. ~ building ǽrsceaft f; ~ world ǽrworuld f
and [] conj and; both…~ ǽghwæðer (ge)…ge, ǽgðer…and
aneurism [] neurisn f
anew [] adv níwlinga, níwunga newly
angel [] ǽrendgást m, gást m good spirit, ǽrendraca m messenger, ár2 m herald
anger [] 1. ábylgnes f wrath; anda m envy; ábyligd f; ǽbylga m, ǽbylgnes f offence, ǽbylgð f, ǽbylgðu f offence, grama m rage, ǽbylgð f, ǽbylgðu f, æfðanc m, æfðanca m displeasure, iernes f, ierre n, ierscipe m, iersung f; níðgrama m malice; 2. wv/t1b ábylgan offend; 3. adj ~ed abealh, ábolgen
angle [] angel m hook
Anglen, a district in Schleswig, from which the Angles came [] Angel n
Angles [] norðléode m pl, the ~ Angle m pl
angrily [] adv grame fiercely, ierrenga fiercely
angry [] 1. adj gram hostile, gealgmód2gloomy/ furious, gealg sad; ierlic vehement, ierre fierce; very ~ ierreðweorh; 2. be ~ with wv/t2 iersian1 rage, sv/t3 ábelgan; make ~ sv/t3 ábelgan irritate, wv/t1b ábǽligan offend, wv/t1b geæbiligan offend
anguish [] 1. pín f [L poena] pain; 2. be in ~ wv/i2 angian1
animal [] 1. néat n beast; kind of ~ níetencynn n; maimed ~? gádinca m; savage ~ gásrícm; small ~ níetan n beast; 2. adv níetenlic brutish; like an ~ níetenlíce
ankle [] ancléow n, ancléowe f
annihilate [] wv/t2 ádílegian, ádílgian, ádíligian devastate
anniversary [] gehwyrft géares m, ymbryne m circuit; ~ of a death léorednes1f
announce [] sv/t2 ábéodan declare, wv/t2 ábodian proclaim, sv/t7 ábannan proclaim, wv/t1b ácýðan proclaim, sv/t7 ingefeallan proclaim, sv/t7 ábannan publish
annoy [] wv/t1b nǽtan1 afflict
annoyance [] láð n insult
annual service [] géarþénung f
anoint [] wv/t1b lýðran smear, wv/t2 gefǽttian, wv/t2 áfǽttian fatten, wv/t2 geasmirian smear
Anointed One [] Crist m Christ
answer [] 1. andswaru f, andwyrde n, andcwiss f; ǽrende n news; 2. wv/t2 andswarian1, wv/t1b andwyrdan1, andwyrdian1 , wv/t2 geandswarian
ant [] ǽmette f emmet
anthem [] antefn m antiphon, capitol m, capitul m, capitula m
ant-hill [] ǽmetbed n, ǽmethyll m
Antichrist [] Antecrist m [L]
antimony [] nebsealf f
antiphon [] antefn m anthem
antiquity [] gefyrnnes f
anvil [] anfealt f, anfilt n, anfilte n
anxiety [] angnes f fear, nearones f distress; caru f concern, carfulnes f care, gíeming f care, gíemnes f care, ymbhoga m care; ymbhygd f, ymbhýdignes f solicitude; sad ~ carsorg f
anxious [] 1. adj geænged troubled; ymbhýdig, ymbhýdiglic careful; carig2sorrowful, carful sad; 2. ~ly adv nearwe, ymbhýdiglíce; carfullíce sadly; 3. be ~ wv/t2 carian care for; be ~ about wv/i2 ymbhogian
any [] 1. adj ǽghwilc, gehwilc some, ǽlc; 2. adj, pron ǽlc; 3. adv ~ at all ǽfre ǽlc, ǽfre ǽnig
any one [] pron áhwá, gehwá (masc, fem), gehwæt (neut) whoever, áhwæðer
anything [] pron ǽghwæt, áhwæt, áhwæðer
anywhere [] adv ǽghwǽr; ǽghwider in any direction, áhwǽr
apartment [] clýsung f enclosure; inn n lodging
ape [] apa m
apologist [] lǽdend m excuser
apology [] ládung f defense
apostate [] 1. adj áworpen destroyed; 2. apostata m
apostle [] ǽrendraca m messenger, postol m, ár2m messenger
apostolic [] adj apostolic
apostolic letter [] pistol m [L epistola]
apparel [] gierela1m dress
appeal to [] wv/t1b ingecígan, ingecégan invoke
appear to men [] irreg v/t on tún gán1
appearance [] fix a day for ~ wv/t2 ándagian1
applaud [] wv/t1b plegan clap the hands
applause [] plega m
apple [] æppel m; kind of ~ æppelcynn n; ~ of the eye æppel m; gall-~ galloc m comfrey; ~-orchard apuldortún m; ~-pip æppelcyrnel n; bark of ~-tree apuldorrind f; ~-tree apulder f, m, apuldor f, m; ~-vessel æppelfæt n
appoint [] sv/t7 árǽdan prepare, wv/t1a ástellan display, sv/t7 ingefeallan announce; wv/t2 instihtian arrange; wv/t2 namian1nominate; ~ a day or term wv/t2 geándagian
appointed day [] ándaga m
apprehend [] wv/t2 gelangian seize
approach [] 1. néalǽcung f access; 2. irreg wv/t1b w.d. néalǽcan; wv/t1b nǽgan12 accost; ~ the shore sv/t7 gelǽtan néah land
appropriate [] adj gehýðe convenient
appropriate [] sv/t4 niman1 adopt
approve [] sv/t2 céosan1 accept, wv/t2 lufian1practice
approved [] 1. adj áfandigendlic, áfandodlic, áfandod excellent; 2. adv ~ly áfandodlíce
April [] Aprelis m
apt [] adj numol fit for
arable land [] yrðland n
archangel [] héahboda m
archbishop [] arcebiscop m
archbishopric [] arcebiscopríce n, arceríce n
archdeacon [] arcedíacon m
architect [] héahcræftiga m
ardently [] adv léofwendum
arduous [] adjgéandýne
area of land about ¼ of a hide [] gierd landes f
Arian [] adj Arrianisc
aristocratic [] adj æðele noble
arm [] inner side of ~ innanearm m
armed company [] gárgetrum n
armed-band [] gárhéap m spear-band
armer [] æcerceorl m ploughman
armor [] gearwe f (usu pl) harness, gúðréaf n, gúðsceorp n, gúðscrúd n, gúðsearu2n
arms [] geatwe f pl equipments
army [] gefylce n band of men, getrum2 n legion; herefolc2n, landfyrd f; campweorod n host; ~ of foot-soldiers ganghere m; iron-clad ~ ísenhere m; native ~ innhere m; ~ from the north norðhere m; ~ of foot-soldiers ganghere m infantry
around [] 1. prep w.d.a. ymbe (of place) near, prep w.a. ymbútan about, prep w.a. ábútan about; ~ about prep w.a. ábútan on the outside; 2. adv ymbe, ymb utan, ymbútan
arouse [] 1. one who ~s árǽrend m; 2. irreg wv/t1b áwreccan awake
arrange [] sv/t7 árǽdan settle, wv/t2 gerádian reckon with; wv/t2 instihtian appoint; wv/t2 fadian1guide
array [] proud ~ prass m
arrive [] sv/i1 gelíðan, sv/i4 ancuman
arrogance [] ánmédla m pride, prútscipe m pride, prútung f pride
arrogant [] adj prúd, prút proud, healsfæst
arrow [] arwe f, herestrǽl m, píl m dart [L pilum]; ~-head gád f spear-head; shower of ~s ísenscúr f
art [] cræft m skill, list m, f craft, prætt m craft; ~ of enchanting galdorcræft m incantation; ~ of grammar grammaticcræft m; ~ of teaching lár f preaching; false ~ léascræft m; goldsmith’s ~ goldsmiðu f; magic ~ galdorcræft m occult art; occult ~ galdorcræft m magic art
art not [] neart verb form
artery [] ǽdre f vein, géotend m, geotendǽder f
artful intrigue [] inwitsearu n
artfully [] adv gamenlíce sportfully, nearwe
artifice [] lotwrenc m cunning
arts [] learned ~ gebregdstafas m pl literary arts; literary ~ gebregdstafas m pl learned arts
as [] 1. like ~ if… conj gelíce and …; 2. ~ far as prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) up to; ~ to prep w.d., rarely a. æt in respect to
as well…as [] conj ǽghwæðer (ge)…ge, ǽgðer…and
ascend [] wv/t2 ástigian mount, wv/t2 clymmian climb
Ascension Day [] one of three processional days before ~ or Holy Thursday gangdæg m Perambulation days
ascent [] ástígnes f
ash [] 1. (burnt) ~ asce f; 2. baked on ~es adj ascbacen
ashamed [] 1. adj ǽwiscmód2abashed; 2. be ~ wv/i1b ásceaman
ashes [] ǽmerge f embers, æscegeswáp n cinders
ash-tree [] stump of an ~ æscstybb m
ask [] wv/t2 geǽrendian tell
ask [] wv/t2 giwian1, wv/t2 laðian invite; get by ~ing wv/t2 ábedecian, sv/t5 ábiddan obtain; ~ for sv/t5 ábiddan request
asked [] adj ábǽd, ábeden
asking [] geáscung f inquiry
aspen [] 1. cwicbéam m juniper; ~ bark cwicbéamrind f; 2. of ~ adj cwicbéamen
aspersion [] áwyrðung f stain
ass [] 1. he-~ assa m; she-~ assen f, assmyre f; 2. dun-colored like an ~ adj assedun
assail [] wv/t1b ymbhýpan press around
assault [] ǽhlýp m breach of the peace
assemble [] wv/r2 gadrian1, sv/t7 ábannan út call out, wv/r2 gadrian1; sv/t7 ábannan út call together
assembly [] gaderung1f, geþeaht f, n council, ymbcyme m convention, léodstefn m; laðung1f congregation; ~ of the men of a hundred hundred n, hundrað n
assert [] sv/t7 lǽtan1pretend, wv/t3 habban
asseveration [] cann f averment
assign [] sv/t7 lǽtan1allot; wv/t1a cennan1attribute
associate [] 1. adj geférlic; 2. geféra m comrade; 3. irreg wv/t1b geférlǽcan unite; ~ (with) wv/t2 gadrian1
associated [] adj geféred
assume [] sv/t4 niman1 accept; ~ to be wv/t2 prófian [L probare]
assumption [] áfangennes f reception
assured [] adj langtwidig lasting
assuredly! [] interj áfæstlá certainly!
Assyrian [] adj Assirisc
asthma [] angbréost n tightness of the chest
astonish [] wv/t1b áblícgan, wv/t1b ágælwan terrify; be ~ed wv/t1b ástyltan
astute [] adj prættig cunning
astuteness []géapnes f
at [] 1. prep w.d., rarely a. æt (temporal) on, prep w.d. or a. (temporal) in in, prep w.a. ymbe (of time) about; prep w.d.a. ymbe (of place) upon, prep w.d. or a. (local) in upon ;prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) near; prep w.d., rarely a. æt (causal) through; ~ the time of prep w.d., rarely a. æt (temporal) on; 2. adv ymbe, æt near; 3. prefix? æt-
at all [] adv á always
athlete [] plegmann m gymnosophist; female ~ plegestre f
athletic [] adj pleglic
atmosphere [] lyft f, m, n air
attack [] 1. anginn n onset, áflygennes f, gewealc n, níð m war, níðgetéon n; murderous ~ inwitscear m; 2. wv/t1b néosan, wv/t2 néosian visit with affliction; ~ (often followed by wordum) wv/t1b nǽgan1
attain [] sv/i3 geiernan get to, wv/t1b geféran accomplish
attempt [] wv/t2 fandian1(oft w.g., but also w.d., w.a.) try
attend [] wv/t1b cépan guard; ~ upon wv/t2 þegnian1w.d. minister to
attendant [] 1. cniht m servant; þegnhyse retainer; ~ member of a retinue ymbhringend m; 2. without an ~ adj cnihtléas
attention (needing ~) [] 1. adj ymbhýdig to be observed; 2. adv ymbhýdiglíce
attentive [] 1. adj carful careful; 2. adv ~ly carfullíce
attract [] wv/t2 loccian1 entice
attribute [] wv/t1a cennan1 assign; ~ (to) sv/t1 hlígan
augment [] wv/t1b íecan1 add to
August (month) [] Agustus m
austere [] adj gearowitol, gearwutol
austerity [] heardlicnes f
author of light [] léohtsáwend m
authority (ecclesiastical ~) [] láréowdóm m
autumn drought [] æfterhǽða m
avail [] of no ~ 1. adj náhtlic worthless; 2. ~ly adv náhtlíce
avail oneself to [] wv/t1b cépan betake oneself to
avarice [] gítsiendnes f, gítsung f greediness; wicked ~ náhtgítsung f
avenge [] sv/t5 áwrecan punish
avenger by necessity [] néadwraca m
averment [] cann f cognizance
avert [] wv/t1b ymbwendan turn away
avoid [] wv/t2 áwærian
await [] sv/t1 ábídan wait for; wv/t1b cépan receive; ~ eagerly wv/t2 cépnian
awake [] irreg wv/t1b áwreccan arouse, sv/t3 úp ábregdan start up, wv/t2áwacian
aware of [] adj gecýðig
away [] verb prefix á-
awl [] æl m piercer
axe [] ceorfæx f
Axe [] the river ~ Acsa m, Axa m
Axminster in Devonshire [] Acsan mynster n
B
back [] 1. ~ of axe ýr n?; 2. going ~ adj capiende retrograde; lying on the ~ capiende bent backwards; 3. ~ (in return) adv æfter thereupon
backward [] adj lætsum; bent ~s capiende thrown backwards; ~s (of motion) capiende going back; that can be read ~s in the same meter adj capiende; thrown ~s capiende lying on the back; ~s capiende bent backwards
bad [] 1. adj yfel (cmp wiersa, spl wiersta, wierresta, weorsta), gódléas evil, yfelic, yfellic evil; lýðre wicked; lýðerlic vile; láðwende2 hostile; cystléas worthless; náht poor; 2. ~ly adv yfelíce, yfellíce, yfle (cmp wiers/wyrs, spl wierrest/wyrrest/wyrst) evilly; lýðerlíce vilely; náhtlíce wickedly; 3. become ~ wv/t2 yfelian1 grow worse
baggy [] adjpohhede
bail [] inborh m security in cases of theft
bake [] sv/t6 ábacan, wv/t1b ábrǽdan
baked [] newly ~ adj níwbacen; ~ on ashes ascbacen
baker [] grístra m miller
balance [] 1. anmitta m scales; 2. ~ against irreg wv/t1b átellan wíð
bald [] adj andfeax, calu bare
ball [] æppel m anything round, clíewen n sphere, þóðer m, þóðor m sphere; ~ of thread or yarn clíewen n
Baltic Sea [] norðsǽ f
band [] nostle f fillet; ymbstandnes f, ymbstandennes f troop; armed-~ gárhéap m band of warriors; ~ of warriors gárhéap m; ~ of men gefylce n army; spear-~ gárhéap m armed-band
banish [] wv/t1b ýtan drive out
banner [] gierela1m
baptism [] Christian ~ crístennes f; laver of ~ fantbæð n baptismal water
baptismal font [] fanfæt n
baptismal water [] fant m, fantbæð n laver of baptism
bar [] clús f, clúse f [L clausum] bolt, clústor n [L claustrum] lock, loc n bolt
bare [] 1. adj calu bald; ídel void; nacod, nacud nude; 2. lay ~ wv/t1a ábarian disclose; make ~ wv/t1a ábarian disclose
barefaced [] adj nebwlátful shameless
bargain [] 1. céap m gain; nǽming f contract; loc n agreement; 2. wv/t2 céapian1trade
bark [] aspen ~ cwicbéamrind f; ~ of apple-tree apuldorrind f; ivy-~ ífigrind f; oak-~ ácrind f
barley paid as rent [] gafolbere m
barn-keeper [] gebrot m
barren [] adj íeðe2 desolate
barrier [] clústor n [L claustrum] bar
barter [] wv/t1b cýpan1 traffic
base [] adj gaf lewd, lýðre mean, lysu evil
basilisk [] fágwyrm m
basin [] céac m pitcher, læfel m bowl[L labellum], lempit f dish
basket [] cawl m, cýpe f vessel, leap m, gafolgyld n fiscus; fodder ~ for cattle yrfebin n; ~ for catching or keeping fish leap m
basket-weir [] a ~ cytwer m
bas-relief [] in ~ adj inheald embossed
bastard [] adj cifesboren
bath [] gannet’s ~ ganotesbæð n (i.e., the sea)
Bath [] Acemannes burh f, Acemannes ceaster f
bathe [] sv/t6 áwascan wash, wv/t2 lafian1wash
batten [] wv/t1b geswétlǽcan
battle [] 1. æscþracu f, lác2n, f strife, lindgelác n, camp m, n combat, campwíg n combat, gecamp m warfare, níðplega m fight, níðweorc n, gúð2f combat, handgemót2 n; gármitting f, gárgewinn2n fight with spears, gárrǽs m, gárþracu f [dat ~þræce], plega m, gúðgewinn2n; place of ~ æscsteall ?m, æscstede m; 2. brave in ~ adj níðheard2bold; 3. engage in ~ irreg v/t tógædre/tógædere/tógadere gán1
battle-friend [] gúðwine2m weapon
bay [] laur m laurel
be [] sv/i5 licgan1 remain; ~ present irreg v/i ætbéon
beach [] ýðláf2f shore
beak [] nebb n bill; ~-shaped thing [] nebb n beak
beaker [] líð n cup
beam [] léoma1m ray of light; weaver’s ~ lorg f, m, lorh f, m pole
bear [] sv/t4 beran, sv/t4 áberan carry, sv/t4 niman1bring, wv/t1b cépan take to; irreg wv/t1b gebringan produce; ~ (a child) sv/t4 áberan
bearable [] adj áberendlic
bearer [] key-~ cǽgbora m jailor
bearing [] gelǽte n [ON lǽti] manners
beast [] néat n animal; níetan n small animal
beat [] sv/t7 ábéatan strike, sv/t1 cnídan, wv/t1b pyrtan strike, wv/t2 þaccian1smack; wv/t2 púnian1bruise; wv/t1a clæppan throb; ~ or mark the bounds of land wv/t1b lǽdan
beaten by storms [] adv stormum ábéatne
beautiful [] 1. adj léoflic pleasant, ánlic; léoht resplendent, lufiendlic, lufigendlic lovely; 2. ~ly adv léoflíce
beautify [] irreg wv/t1b cyrtenlǽcan1make elegant
beauty [] cyrtenes f elegance, glǽm2m splendor
because [] conj ac for; nú since
bed [] 1. bedd n; gang m path, gelege lair; leger n couch, legerbedd n; ~ of death néobedd2n corpse-bed; ~ of spirits néobedd2n bed of death; corpse-~ néobedd2n bed of death; sick ~ legerbedd n; 2. adj confined to ~ gelegered, gelegerod; 3. keep one’s ~ leger weardian
bed-chamber [] cot n, cote f cottage
bedeck [] wv/t2 ymbcæfian embroider around
bed-time [] gebedgiht f
bee [] enclosure for ~s ymbhaga m; swarm of ~s ymbe n; taxable swarm (of ~s) gafolheord f
beer [] small ~ æfterealu n
beetle [] ceafor m cock-chafer, ymel m; ~ or moth which flies by night nihtbutorfléoge f
before [] 1. prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) next to; prep w.d. ǽr; prep w.a. ymbe (of time); 2. adv ymbe; just ~ hwéne ǽr; ~ that ǽr [cmp ǽror; spl ǽrost, ǽrest, ǽrst] previously; 3. conj ǽr þam (þe); ~ that ǽr ere, þǽrforan
beforehand [] adv ǽr [cmp ǽror; spl ǽrost, ǽrest, ǽrst] formerly, on ǽr, ǽr þissum formerly
beget [] wv/t1a cennan1 create, wv/t1b ástríenan2
beggar [] loddere m
begin (the weft) [] sv/t3 inweorpan
beginning [] anginn n; ǽwielm m source; ingang m ingress; the ~ of a month cálend m
behave towards [] sv/t7 lǽtan1treat
behavior [] ymbwendung f
behead [] wv/t2 héafdian
behind [] 1. prep w.d.i. æfter after (local and temporal); prep w.d. æthindan after; 2. adj æfterweard following æftwanweard in the rear; æftanweard coming after; 3. adv æftewearde, on láste/last, æftan from behind; from ~ æftan behind; 4. leave ~ sv/t7 lǽtan1let alone, sv/t7 on bæc lǽtan1
behold [] interj lóc/lóca nu, lá! lo!, nú lo!
beholding [] ymbséon f regard
behoove [] wv/t2 ábehófian concern
being [] adj not ~ nǽrende; ptc [ne + wesan]
being together [] gæd n union
belch [] wv/t1b cylcan eructate; ~ out (in a contemptuous sense) wv/t1b cylcan utter; ~ up a thing wv/t1b cylcan
beleaguer [] wv/t2 ymbwícgian surround
belief [] créda m [L credo] confession of faith, léafa1m faith
believe [] 1. easy to ~ adj léafléoht; 2. wv/t1b, wv/i1b líefan1 trust
believing [] 1. adj geléafsum faithful, gelíefed pious, léafful1 orthodox (Christian); 2. adv ~ly léaffullíce
belittle [] wv/t2 lýtlian1
bell [] church-~ ciricbelle f; noon-~ nónbelle f; ringing of the noon-~ nónhring m
bellowing [] grymetung f, grymettung f roaring
belong to [] sv/i5 licgan1
belonging to the people generally [] adj ceorllic common
beloved [] 1. adj léof1 dear; 2. ~ one léof m friend
below [] adv neoðan, neoðane beneath, niðer beneath, niðere down
belt [] gyrdel m girdle; surrounding ~ ymbgang m circumference
bend [] 1. ymbbígnes f circuit; 2. wv/t1b ábégan bow, wv/t1b ábýgan bend down; ~ down wv/t1b ábégan bend, wv/t1b ábýgan bend
bending [] adj ábégendlic flexible; ~ around ymbbígnes f bend
beneath [] 1. situated ~ adj niðeweard; 2. adv neoðan, neoðane below; niðer downwards; from ~ neoðan, neoðane below
beneficial [] adj nytt helpful
benefit [] 1. ár f favor; gód n advantage, nytnes f use; ~s ár f ecclesiastical living; 2. wv/t2 gebrýcian, gebrýcsian profit
benign [] adj líðe (cmp lýðre, spl lýðrest?) gentle
bent [] adj géap crooked, gecrócod crooked; ~ backwards capiende lying on the back; ~ down niðerbogen; ~ downwards niðerheald
bequeath [] sv/t7 lǽtan1, wv/t1b lǽfan1leave
bequest [] ierfe n heritage, yrfeláf f inheritance
bereave [] wv/t1b ástýpan deprive
bereavement [] ástýpednes f, ástýpnes f privation
bereft (of) [] adj w.d.g. gefylled; adj w.g. léas devoid of
berries [] cluster of ivy-~ ífigcrop m, ífigcroppa m
berry [] corn n seed, cropp m, croppa m sprout; a bunch of ~s léactrog m, léactroc m; laurel-~ laurberige f
beset [] irreg wv/t1b ymbsellan enclose, wv/t1a ymbsettan surround; wv/t1b nierwan1, wv/t2 nierwian1 chasten
besides [] adv þǽrbufan; ~ that þǽrbufan
besiege [] sv/t5 ymbsittan surround
best [] the ~ of anything cyst f, m w. gen pl the choicest
bestowed [] adj gebritnod
betake oneself [] sv/t4 niman1 go; ~ to wv/t1b cépan avail oneself to
betray [] sv/t7 ingefeallan disclose, wv/t1a yppan1 reveal, wv/t1b lǽwan1 [Goth léwjan], wv/t2 ámeldian make known
betroth [] wv/t1b gehandfæstan
between [] prep w.d. ábitweonum
beyond [] 1. prep w.a. geondan, ymbútan outside; 2. adv ymbútan
bid [] sv/t2 ábéodan proclaim; ~ farewell to sv/t2 hǽl ábéodan wish one good luck
bill [] nebb n beak
billow [] ýð f flood
billows [] holmwylm m
billowy [] adj ýðig stormy
bind [] wv/t1b cyspan1 fetter, wv/t2 gefeterian2fetter; ~ around sv/t3 ymbbindan
binding [] gebundennes f obligation
bird [] lyftfléogend m; ~ of prey néfugol m; male ~ carlfugol m cock; sea-~ ganot m water-fowl, a supposed lýðrest?; pernex m [mistranslation of L pernix]; catching of ~s yltwist f; crop (of a ~) cropp m, croppa m; young ~ nest n brood
birth [] 1. cenning f parturition, ácennednes f, ácenning f; after-~ cildhama m; imperfect ~ lambyrd f; 2. of noble ~ adj æðelcund
birthday [] cennes f
birthplace [] cenningstów f
bit [] cáma m [L] collar; ~ (of a bridle, bristling with points cenep m [ON kanpr]
bite into pieces [] sv/t1 ábítan gnaw
biting [] adj numol snappish; numol stinging
bitter [] make ~ or sour wv/t2 ábiterian, ábitrian embitter; turn ~ wv/i2 ábiterian, ábitrian
bittern [] cýta m kite; ? púr ?
black [] 1. coal-~ adj colsweart; 2. ~ centaury ísenhearde f knapweed
blackmail [] níedbád f exaction
blacksmith [] ísensmið m, ísenwyrhta m
blade [] gærswyrt f grass
blame [] 1. clearing from ~ lád f exculpation; 2. sv/t6, also wv/t1b léan, wv/t2 leahtrian1 accuse; 3. ~less adj leahtorléas faultless
blaming [] nǽting f
blandish [] irreg wv/t1b léasóleccan flatter
blanket [] tribute-~ gafolhwítel m tribute-whittle
blaspheme [] wv/t2 yfelsacian1, wv/t2 yfelsian1
blasphemer [] hierwend m, yfelsacend m
blasphemy [] hierwing f, yfelsacung f calumny, yfelsæc n?, yfelsung f
blast [] ǽðmm
bleach [] wv/t1a áblǽcan whiten
blemish [] áwierding f corruption; glemm m spot; ~ (in an object) fácen n fault
blind [] 1. adj ymeséne; 2. wv/t1b áblindan make blind; become ~ wv/i2 áblindian; make ~ wv/t1b áblindan blind
blinded [] adj áblend
blister [] pocc m pustule; ice-~ ísgeblǽd n
blood (man of royal ~) [] æðeling m nobleman
blood relation [] nýdmǽg1m, nýdmǽge1f cousin
blot out [] wv/t2 ádílegian, ádílgian, ádíligian destroy
blow [] 1. andslyht2m; 2. sv/t7 ábláwan blow away; wv/t1a pyffan puff, wv/t2 pyfian; sv/t7 ábláwan breathe; ~ an instrument wv/t1b plegan pipe; ~ away sv/t7 ábláwan breathe upon
blowing [] ábláwung f inflation
blowing fiercely (of flame) [] adj áblǽst
blunt [] wv/t1b ástyntan repress
blush [] wv/i2áblysian, wv/t2 áréodian redden
blushing [] áblysgung f, áblysung f shame
boast [] 1. gielpword n; 2. wv/t1b gealpettan
boaster [] gielpna m
boastfulness [] gealpettung f, gielpnes f
boasting [] empty ~ ídelgielp n vainglory
boat [] naca2m ship; small ~ ǽrendscip n skiff
bodily [] 1. adj líchamlic physical; 2. adv líchamlíce personally
bodily torment [] níedbád f
body [] líc n, lícfæt2n, limgesíð f; líchama m corpse; separation of soul and ~ gástgedál2n death; ~ of priests préosthéap m, préosthíred m
bog-myrtle [] gagel m? sweet gale
boil [] irreg v/t áwillan bring into commotion; sv/t2 áséoðan seethe, wv/i2 fámgian foam
boiled [] newly ~ adj nísoden
bold [] 1. adj cáf brave, cáflic, heardmód brave; céne, gárþríst daring; heardlic warlike; níðheard2 brave in battle; ~ in arms gárcéne bold in fight; ~ in fight gárcéne; 2. ~ly adv cáfe, cáflíce, céne brave, cénlíce; heardlíce in a warlike manner
boldness [] cáfscipe m alacrity, cénðu f, néðing f daring, nóð2f daring
bolt [] clús f, clúse f [L clausum] bar, loc n bar
bond [] internal ~ inbend m, f; iron ~ ísenbend2m, f fetter
bondage [] born in ~ adj ǽhtboren
bond-slave [] nýdþéwetling m
book [] ~ of canons canonbóc f; canonical ~s canones béc f pl [L canon]; Latin ~ lǽdenbóc f ~ of prescriptions lǽcebóc f; ~ of service for compline nihtsang m; ~ of the epistles pistolbóc f; ~s of the law ǽbéc f pl
booth [] léafsele m place for shade
booty [] fang m plunder, lác n, f, herefeoh n, nóð2f plunder
border [] þerscold m, þerscwald m, þerscwold m, þerxold m, þerxwold m limit; northern ~ norðefes f
born [] adj geboren; ~ in bondage ǽhtboren; lawfully ~ ǽwumboren; low-~ ceorlboren not noble; new~ níwcend; ~ on the estate inbyrde
both [] 1. pron ǽghwæðer either; 2. ~…and conj ǽghwæðer (ge)…ge, ǽgðer…and
bottom [] niðernes f deepness
bought [] adj áboht
bound [] 1. adj gebunden; 2. not to be ~ irreg v/t nágan not owe
boundary [] landgemǽre n, landgemirce n frontier, landmearc n; north-west ~ norðwestgemǽre m; ~ of ploughed land yrðmearc f, landscearu f landmark
boundless [] adj grundléaslic vast
bountiful [] adj gifol generous
bounty [] cystignes f, cystines f goodness, glædmódnes f kindness
bow [] wv/t1b ábégan bend down
bowed [] adj ábogen; ~ down ábéag
bowl [] læfel m basin[L labellum]
box [] cæpse f [L capsa]; iron ~ yrsebin f; money ~ gafolgyld n fiscus
boy [] cniht m youth
boyhood [] cnihthád m youth, cniht m
boyish [] adj cnihtlic childish
boyishness [] cnihtwíse f
branch [] clyster n bunch; lim n; palm-~ palm m, palma m, palmtwig n
brass [] ár n copper
brave [] 1. adj cáf bold, céne, heardmód bold, heardhicgende2; ~ in battle níðheard2 bold; 2. ~ly adv cáfe, céne, heardlíce stoutly
brave [] adj þegnlic noble; ~ly adv þegnlíce manfully
brawl in a house [] infiht n, insócn f
bray (in a mortar) [] wv/t2 portian1
brazen vessel [] árfæt n
breach [] gebryce m fracture; ~ of the law lahbryce m; ~ of the peace ǽhlýp m assault
break [] sv/t4 ábrecan break down; ~ away sv/i3 áberstan escape; ~ down sv/t4 ábrecan break to pieces; ~ into sv/t5 inbrecan; ~ out sv/i3 áberstan burst out, sv/i3 út áberstan; ~ out, away, forth sv/i4 ábrecan; ~ out in pimples wv/t2 piplian show eruptions; ~ to pieces sv/t7 ábéatan strike, sv/t4 ábrecan break down; ~ up wv/t1b gebrýtan destroy
breaking [] gebryce m fracture
breast [] feorhloca m, gástcofa m; innoð m, f inside, gástcofa m spirit’s chamber
breath [] ǽðmm air, gást m
breathe [] sv/t7 ábláwan blow; ~ out wv/t1a ápyffan exhale; ~ upon sv/t7 ábláwan blow away, sv/t7 inbláwan inspire
breathing [] ǽðmm breath, inéðung f inspiration; hardness of ~ nirewett n
brethren [] gebróðor m pl, gebróðra m pl, gebróðru m pl brothers
brewed [] adj gebrowen
bribe [] endeavor to ~ wv/t2 céapian1
bridesmaid [] hádswǽpe f
bridesman [] hádswǽpa m
bridle [] 1. geweald n; 2. wv/t2 ámídlian, wv/t2 gebrídlian restrain
briefly [] adv nearolíce closely
bright [] 1. adj léoht luminous, léohtlic radiant; hádor2clear; perennially ~ géartorht; 2. ~ly adv léohte brilliantly; hádre clearly
brightness [] glǽm2m brilliance, líhtnes f, hádor n clearness
brilliance [] glǽm2m gleam
brilliancy [] fágnes f variety of color
brilliant [] 1. adj léohtbǽre luminous; 2. ~ly adv léohte brightly
bring [] irreg wv/t1b bringan, sv/t4 niman1carry, wv/t1b lǽdan1take; irreg wv/t1b gebringan lead; ~ before one wv/t2 geandwerdian present; ~ forth wv/t1a cennan1conceive, wv/t2 gehrifian, wv/t1b lǽdan1 produce; ~ forward wv/t1b inlǽdan lead up; ~ in irreg wv/t1b inbrengan, inbringan present, irreg wv/t1b ingebringan, sv/t4 ináberan, wv/t1b inlǽdan lead in; ~ into commotion irreg v/t áwillan boil; ~ low wv/t1b ábýgan subdue, wv/t2 niðerian1 depress; ~ out wv/t1a yppan1disclose; ~ to light wv/t1b ábǽran disclose; ~ up well wv/t2 geþéawian
bringer [] lǽdend m; ~ of evil tidings yfelberend m
bringing up [] infóster n rearing
Bristol Channel [] norðsǽ f northern sea
broad [] adj géap spacious
broil [] ingerec n
broken [] adj gebrocen, ábrocen; ~ up gebrócod afflicted
brooch [] préon m pin
brood [] nest n young bird
broom [] ceacga m furze
brother monk [] gehada m
brotherhood [] gebróðorscipe m fraternity; member of a ~ of related persons gilda1m
brothers [] gebróðra m pl, gebróðru m pl brethren; ~ collectively gebróðor m pl
brothership [] gebróðorscipe m brotherhood
brought [] adj gebroht
bruise [] wv/t2 púnian1 beat
bruised [] adj gebrýsed
bruising [] gebrýsednes f
brutish [] adv níetenlic animal
brutishness [] níetennnes f
buckle [] clofe f, gyrdelhring m girdle, fifele f [L fibula]
buffet [] wv/t1a plættan smack
buffoon [] glíwere m parasite, léasere m jester
build [] wv/t1b átimbran, wv/t2 átimbrian erect; wv/t2 ástemnian found; ~ nests wvt1b nistan, wv/t2 nistian, wv/t1b nistlan, wv/t2 nistlian
builder []church-~ circwyrhta m; city ~ ceasterwyrhta m
building [] ærn n store; ancient ~ ǽrsceaft f
bulbous [] adj clufeht, clufehte
bunch [] clyster n cluster, cropp m, croppa m cluster; a ~ of berries léactrog m, léactroc m
burden [] handhæf n
burdock [] cliðe f
burghers [] ceasterwaran1m pl citizens
burial [] gebyrgednes f; ~ place legerstów f
burn [] sv/i3 ábeornan take fire
burning [] 1. adj glowende glowing; 2. lígbryne2m fire, ál n fire; inbærnednes f, inbærnes f incense
burst out [] sv/i3 áberstan break out
bush [] gebrogne n
bushel [] cýf f vat
business [] ǽbod m, cierr m affair, intinga m matter; níed f errand
busy [] wv/t2 ábisgian occupy; be ~ with wv/t2 ábisgian engage in; ~ oneself wv/t1b plegan occupy oneself; ~ oneself with wv/t2 geimpian
but [] 1. conj ac, and; ~ also ac moreover; 2. adv gefæstlíce verily
butt [] wv/t2 potian goad
butter [] cúbutere f
buy [] wv/t1b cýpan1 barter, wv/t2 céapian1
by [] 1. prep w.d., rarely a. æt (instrumental); prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) near; 2. adv ymb utan; ~ that (person or thing) þǽrbig, þǽrbie thereby
by no means [] adv náteshwón, náteþæshwón not at all
bystander [] ymbstandend m
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